The potential diagnostic value of periostin in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

Author:

Ge Wu

Author address:

China

Full conference title:

European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Congress 2019

Date: 20 August 2020

Abstract:

Background
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) shares similar Th2 immune responses as allergic asthma, which lacks effective diagnostic markers. Periostin, a downstream protein of Th2 cytokine IL-13, has been reported to be a potential diagnostic or therapeutic target in asthma. Since there is no study on periostin in ABPA, our study aims to determine whether periostin level could characterize ABPA in patients with asthma and whether it could be an indicator during ABPA episode.

Method
Serum levels of periostin were analyzed by ELISA in 21 patients with asthma with ABPA, 23 asthma patients, and 13 non-atopic healthy individuals. Serum total IgE and fungal specific IgE were measured by ImmunoCAP in patients. The longitudinal course of periostin and total IgE levels were assessed during ABPA episode. Additionally, levels of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-17A) were measured by Meso Scale Discovery (MSD).

Results
The serum levels of periostin in ABPA patients (109.1 ± 68.28 ng/mL) were significantly higher than those in both non-ABPA asthmatic patients (57.39 ± 24.39 ng/mL) and healthy individuals (49.27 ± 8.37 ng/mL) (P<0.05). Among the analyzed cytokines, ABPA patients had significantly higher levels of IL-5 and IL-8 compared with asthma patients (IL-5: 2.01 ± 1.432 pg/mL vs 0.57 ± 0.54 pg/mL, P<0.01; IL-8: 73.31 ± 59.00 pg/mL vs 24.15 ± 27.00 pg/mL, P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that serum periostin levels was positively associated with total IgE levels (r=0.319, p<0.05), serum IL-5 levels (r=0.484, p<0.01) and blood eosinophil counts (r=0.428, p<0.05). ROC analysis showed that when periostin was applied for diagnosis of ABPA in asthma, the area under the curve was 0.705. Longitudinally, serum periostin levels reduced but not with statistical significance after treatment in relieved ABPA patients.

Conclusion
These findings suggested that higher levels of periostin related to profound Th2 immune inflammation. In addition, serum level of periostin may be a potential biomarker in the diagnosis of ABPA in asthma patients.

Abstract Number: TP0646

Link to conference website:

Link Conference abstract: 

EAACI 2019

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