Analysis of fungal allergen and aspergillus fumigatus component sensitization in patients with respiratory diseases in southern China

Author:

Luo Wenting

Author address:

China

Full conference title:

European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Congress 2019

Date: 20 August 2020

Abstract:

Background
Fungal spores and hyphal fragments in air reportedly cause immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated respiratory allergic diseases. However, there is a lack of detailed studies investigating the sensitisation caused by various mycotic allergens and Aspergillus fumigatus components. We analysed the prevalence of fungal allergens in patients in Southern China and discussed sensitization to seven fungal allergens in patients with respiratory allergic diseases. We also analysed roles of Aspergillus components in the differential diagnosis of ABPA and asthma.

Method
In total, 4033 patients with respiratory diseases were enrolled in this study to analyze the prevalence of aspergillus fumigatus. SIgE against to Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium chrysogenum, Cladosporium herbarum, Mucor racemosus, Candida albicans, Alternaria alternata, and Helminthosporium halodes were further tested. The role of Aspergillus fumigatus components in the differential diagnosis of ABPA and asthma was investigated.

Results
Among 4033 patients, 7.30% were positive for Aspergillus fumigatus allergen-sIgE, with an median sIgE level of 1.10 (0.54-3.79) kU/L. Notably, Aspergillus fumigatus accounted for 21.8% of all fungus-positive cases. The six fungi had high positivity rates in co-sensitization to Aspergillus fumigatus (84.6-100%). Aspergillus fumigatus was correlated with all other fungi (0.51-0.82,). The correlation between Aspergillus fumigatus and Asp f 2 was the strongest (r = 0.73). The positivity rate and sIgE level of Asp f 6 were significantly higher in patients with ABPA than in patients with asthma (P < 0.05, table 1).

Conclusion
Overall, these findings showed that fungi had important sensitizing effects in patients with asthma and ABPA. Asp f 6 measurement may facilitate the differential diagnosis of ABPA and asthma.

 

ABPA (n = 18)

AS (n = 30)

 

Positive rate

n (%)

sIgE level (kU/L) median (interquartile)

Positive rate

n (%)

sIgE level (kU/L), median (interquartile)

Asp f 1

16 (88.9)

7.93 (1.40-30.18)

22 (73.3)

1.21 (0.24-10.65)

Asp f 2

12 (66.7)

3.46 (0.08-9.10)

15 (50.0)

0.35 (0.03-3.00)

Asp f 3

12 (66.7)

0.83 (0.07-11.53)

18 (60.0)

1.03 (0.04-4.62)

Asp f 4

11 (61.1)

3.20 (0.10-17.65)

14 (46.7)

0.21 (0.02-12.93)

Asp f 6

12 (66.7)*

1.22 (0.07-5.70)†

8 (26.7)

0.03 (0.01-0.61)

Abstract Number: TP1508

Link to conference website:

Link Conference abstract: 

EAACI 2019

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